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(2050, ‘History Canoes were developed over the course of thousands of years primarily by the native people of North America Native Americans used fire to fell large trees as at that time trees grew very large as there was virgin forests After the tree fell the Native Americans would make small fires at the top of the log and then scrape out the ash This process would keep going until the log was hollowed out The canoe would still be very heavy so it was usually made close to a river or lake The actual word we know today as canoe originated from the word Kenu meaning dugout Another story is that the word canoe comes from the word canoa which is said to originally come from the native people the Arawaks in the Caribbean via Columbus to Europe But there are also comments that canoa was already an existing word then in the Portuguese language for a feeding trough These dugout canoes essentially large tree trunks that were shaped and hollowed were used by the Caribs to travel between islands Canoeing began to meet the simple needs of transportation across and along waterways Canoeing was the primary mode of long distance transportation at one time throughout much of North America the Amazon Basin and Polynesia among other locations As a method of transportation canoes have generally been replaced by motorized boats airplanes railroads and roads with increasing industrialisation although they remain popular as recreational or sporting watercraft Sport The International Canoe Federation is the world wide canoeing organisation and creates the standard rules for the different disciplines of canoe kayak competition The ICF recognises several competitive and non competitive disciplines of canoeing of which Sprint and Slalom are the only two competing in the Olympic games The United States Canoe Association is widely considered the American authority in sport and recreational canoeing and recognizes many ICF classes Other national competition rules are usually based on the rules of the ICF Sprint Canoe and Kayak Sprint K 4 racing Sprint the oldest discipline of ICF canoeing sometimes referred to as Flatwater Racing It involves kayak K 1 single seat kayak K 2 double seated kayak K 4 four seated kayak canoe C 1 single kneeling canoe C 2 double kneeling canoe C 4 four person kneeling canoe Sprint races are over 200m 500m 1000m and long distance racing such as 2 160 km or 6 160 km Slalom Competitors are timed in completing a descent down the rapids of a whitewater course in the process steering their canoes or kayaks through gates a pair of suspended poles about 1 m apart including going up against the flow across the flow and surfing the standing waves of the rapids Again there are both kayak and canoe classes kayak K 1 single kayak canoe C 1 solo canoe C 2 tandem canoe Marathon Longer distance races over mostly flatwater courses possibly including one or more portages Course lengths typically vary from a few miles to the epic 125 mile 201 160 km Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon on the Thames the 120 mile 190 160 km overnight Au Sable River Canoe Marathon in Michigan and the 260 mile 420 160 km World s Toughest Boat Race the Texas Water Safari USCA rules specify that a Marathon course may not have rapids over class II on the International Scale of River Difficulty whereas in the United Kingdom and Ireland courses may be of any difficulty and with any hazards including weirs like those found in the Liffey Descent The most extreme courses can be found in South Africa and grade V sections are not unusual in for example the Fish River Marathon Australia s most famous marathon race is the Hawkesbury Canoe Classic Canoe polo A fast action competitive goal scoring ball game on water between two teams of 5 players Whitewater racing also known as Wild Water Racing Competitors race specialised canoes or kayaks down a whitewater river typically class II to IV whitewater is used Canoe sailing Racing a canoe using sail power There are a number of disciplines Canoeing as an Olympic Sport Main article Canoeing at the Summer Olympics Canoe and kayak events have been part of Olympic competition since 1936 Flatwater Races are on a flatwater course in assigned lanes C 1 1000m canoe single Men C 1 500m canoe single Men C 2 1000m canoe double Men C 2 500m canoe double Men Slalom Competitors must maneuver their boat through 20 to 25 gates in turbulent water over a 300 metre course in the shortest possible time with points deducted for gates touched or missed C 1 canoe single Men C 2 canoe double Men Unclassified styles Dragon boat Since the 1970s racing of the traditional Chinese Dragon Boats has been organized In general there are about 18 20 paddlers per boat plus a drummer and a helmsman In some types of dragon boat races an additional flag catcher is part of the crew the flag catcher must grab a flag at the finish line for the boat to be counted as finished The International Dragon Boat Federation IDBF is the international governing body for Dragon Boats discussions with the ICF about co operation are taking place Playboating or Rodeo a form of canoeing or kayaking where the competitor performs tricks and stunts in standing waves such as front and back surfing flatspins cartwheels and blunts and receives points for the variety of moves performed within a fixed time Points are also awarded for style Extreme racing a form of canoeing competition involving racing down dangerous whitewater rivers often with many grade V rapids and typically requiring excellent river running skills Outrigger canoeing racing of traditional Pacific Ocean outrigger canoes Very popular in Hawaii it s the state sport Tahiti and other Pacific nations including Australia and New Zealand well established in western North America and the eastern US also catching on in Asia and Europe International ruling body is the International Vaa Federation IVF Outrigger canoes are traditionally referred to as waa vaa or waka ama waa vaa and waka are words meaning canoe in various Polynesian languages ama refers to the outrigger float Standard racing canoes carry six paddlers one and two person canoes are also widely raced Races include both short distance sprint races and long distance races Surf skiing The canoeing equivalent of surfing but in a specialised surf kayak Points are scored for the variety and quality of moves performed on a wave Also whitewater kayakers and playboaters often surf non competitively Races for the fastest time in open water with waves are also done This is very good information and should help you in due course Recreational Sailing a Canoe on Ruth Lake California Other recreational aspects of canoeing are not strictly defined and distinctions are rather artificial and growing increasingly blurred as new hybrid canoes kayaks and similar craft are developed Some of these forms may be nominally organised at national levels but are largely individual group or club activities For many groups there is no emphasis on training the goal is simply to use boats to have fun on the water Small craft Sailing Developed by kayak enthusiasts small craft sails enhance the paddling experience for canoeists too Small craft sails such as the WindPaddle either augment the effort of paddling or effectively eliminate the need for paddling They are great for touring and have established a strong following with recreational canoeists sea kayakers expedition paddlers and adventure racers Whitewater paddling down whitewater rivers for fun recreation or getting away from it all Can vary from short local trips on easy grade rivers to extreme expeditions on raging torrents in remote locations for many days carrying all equipment Whitewater Kayaking is probably the most popular form of canoeing as the word is used in Europe Sea kayak recreational touring kayaking on the sea Includes everything from short day trips to year long expeditions may include paddling on heavy seas in surf or in tidal currents and usually requires navigational skills Playboating surfing and performing tricks on one feature on a river Canoe camping Touring Tripping or Cruising combines canoeing kayaking with camping Bird on a Canoe Sharbot Lake Ontario Canada Other forms In some countries these forms of paddling may come under the national canoeing organisations but they are not universally accepted as canoeing even though they involve propelling a small craft with a paddle Wave skiing paddling a small maneuverable craft surf ski a little like a bigger surfboard amongst the breaking waves of the sea or ocean variously sliding down the face of the wave or performing tricks on the face of a breaking wave Close affinity to surfing The paddler sits on top of the ski and can be strapped in Competition is based on points for tricks and style Surf ski paddling a long about 22 slim racing craft on the sea Able to handle going in and out of breaking waves but not for maneuvering on breaking waves The paddler sits in a bucket style seat and uses a kayak like paddle Most common races are long distance in the open ocean where they can catch swells and get the feeling of skiing the ocean Rafting one or a group of people paddle a small or large inflatable raft down a wild water river Has much in common with White Water Touring See also International Canoe Federation American Canoe Association Canadian Canoe Association British Canoe Union England Scottish Canoe Association Welsh Canoe Association Hazards of outdoor activities Kayaking Paddling Canoe Paddle to the Amazon U S intercollegiate canoe kayak champions References Olympic home page for Canoe Kayak Olympic flatwater events Olympic slalom events External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canoeing Look up canoeing in Wiktionary the free dictionary The official website of International Canoe Federation Hong Kong Canoe Union A member agency of Sports Federation amp Olympic Committee of Hong Kong China Chinese Video Short documentary about canoeing by the Philadelphia Inquirer Adventure Canoe Canoeing Discussion American Canoe Association Homepage Canoeing at the Open Directory Project v 160 160 d 160 160 e Canoeing and kayaking Main sports Sprint 160 Slalom 160 Marathon 160 Polo 160 Whitewater 160 Sailing 160 Freestyle Olympics Summer Olympics 160 Men s medalists 160 Women s medalists Other sports Creeking 160 Dragon boat 160 Extreme 160 Freeboating 160 Outrigger canoeing 160 Surf ski 160 Surf kayaking 160 Snowkayak 160 Squirt boating International Canoe Federation World Championships Sprint Men s Canadian medalists Men s kayak medalists Women s kayak medalists Slalom Recreation Small craft Sailing 160 Whitewater canoeing kayaking 160 Sea kayak 160 Canoe camping 160 Kayak fishing 160 Kayak diving 160 Kayak Walk 160 Dongola racing 160 Canoe orienteering 160 Canoe livery or rental 160 Crossing the Ditch Modern boat types Canoe 160 Kayak 160 Concrete canoe 160 Flyak 160 Folding kayak 160 International Canoe 160 Malia Hawaiian canoe 160 Recreational kayak 160 Sprint canoe Traditional boat types Aleutian kayak 160 Baidarka 160 Cayuco 160 Chundan Vallam 160 Outrigger canoe 160 Sturgeon nosed canoe 160 Taimen 160 Umiak 160 Waka 160 War canoe Manoeuvres amp techniques C to C Roll 160 Eskimo Rescue 160 Kayak roll 160 Kluning 160 Portage 160 Watercraft paddling Equipment Artificial whitewater 160 Albano buoy system 160 Outrigger 160 Paddle 160 Paddle float 160 Paddle leash 160 Royalex 160 Sea sock 160 Spraydeck 160 Tuilik Meteorology amp sea states Clapitus 160 Whitewater Kayakers Jimmy Blakeney 160 Tyler Bradt 160 Paul Caffyn 160 Tad Dennis 160 Chris Duff 160 Douglas C Gordon 160 tpnka Hilgertov 160 Freya Hoffmeister 160 Eric Jackson 160 Ramo Kolenovi 160 Brad Ludden 160 Andrew McAuley 160 Mark Pollock 160 Alex Prostko 160 Oskar Speck 160 Rush Sturges 160 Todd Wells 160 Nicholas Wiechern 160 Clay Wright 160 Alexander Yermilov Venues List of whitewater rivers 160 List of artificial whitewater courses 160 Playspot 160 Boulter s Lock 160 Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness 160 Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre 160 Canolfan Tryweryn 160 Cardington Artificial Slalom Course 160 Dickerson Whitewater Course 160 Dorney Lake 160 Dutch Water Dreams 160 Eiskanal 160 Hawaii sur Rhone 160 Helliniko Olympic Complex 160 Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre 160 Hurley Lock 160 Idroscalo 160 Kanupark Markkleeberg 160 River Thames 160 Millrace Rapids 160 Nene Whitewater Centre 160 Northern Forest Canoe Trail 160 Ocoee Whitewater Center 160 Ohio River Trail 160 Parc Olmpic del Segre 160 Penrith Whitewater Stadium 160 Raice Czech Republic 160 River Dart 160 Rutherford Creek 160 Saint Regis Canoe Area 160 Shunyi Olympic Rowing Canoeing Park 160 South Bend Indiana 160 Stanley whitewater canoeing course 160 Symonds Yat Rapids 160 Tacen Whitewater Course 160 Teesside White Water Course 160 Texas Water Safari 160 The Loop River Dart 160 Tour de Guden 160 U S National Whitewater Center 160 Upper Dart 160 Water Sports Centre unovo 160 Wolf River Tennessee Competitions List of world records in canoeing 160 2006 South American Games 160 2006 Asian Games 160 Adirondack Canoe Classic 160 Au Sable River Canoe Marathon 160 Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon 160 Dusi Canoe Marathon 160 Hawkesbury Canoe Classic 160 Murray Marathon 160 National Student Rodeo 160 Thameside Series 160 Waterside Series Suppliers amp manufacturers Attbar 160 Bliss stick 160 Jackson Kayak 160 Rockpool Kayaks 160 Royak Marine 160 Tiderace Sea Kayaks National governing bodies American Canoe Association 160 British Canoe Union 160 British Dragon Boat Racing Association 160 Canadian Canoe Association 160 Croatian Canoe Federation 160 Scottish Canoe Association 160 USA Canoe Kayak 160 Welsh Canoeing Association Notable clubs Burloak Canoe Club 160 Canoe Cruisers Association 160 Forth Canoe Club 160 Kingston Royals Dragon Boat Racing Club 160 Manchester Canoe Club 160 Philadelphia Canoe Club 160 Rideau Canoe Club 160 Royal Canoe Club 160 Viking Kayak Club Other canoe kayak organisations Association of International Paddle Sport Federations 160 Canadian Canoe Museum 160 International Dragon Boat Federation 160 Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea to Sea Bicentennial Expeditions 160 UK Rivers Access Campaign In the arts Chasse galerie 160 Men Rivers and Canoes 160 Paddle to the Sea 160 The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes 160 Waterwalker Categories Survival skills Olympic sports Individual sports Canoeing’)

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